Latest Stories

Sterling silver jewelry: silver and gemstone rings, sterling silver earrings, bracelets and pendants are some of the hottest fashion accessories today! Sterling silver jewelry is enjoying an unprecedented popularity with today's fashion conscious public. You know how beautifully sterling silver jewelry complements fashionable clothing and how it sparkles and shines; now here is the rest of the story.
Silver has been used since ancient times, but has not survived as well as ancient gold because it tarnished and decomposes. There have been times, however, when silver was "in"; we are going through such a vogue today.

Silver is the most common of the precious metals. Fine silver is pure silver, which is seldom used for jewelry because it is too soft. Sterling silver is 925 parts silver to 75 of copper, the alloy most often used. Silver weighs about half as much as gold, has greater flexibility, but is not as malleable, it has always been less expensive as well. A comparable piece of gold jewelry might cost four or five times that of a piece of sterling silver jewelry.

The current fashion trend toward black clothing has made silver jewelry more popular than ever. Silver likes to be worn; it stays cleaner & shinier through movement and friction. So sterling silver is a perfect accessory for today's fast paced lifestyles. Much like gold, sterling silver needs to be cleaned.

1.) For daily cleaning it is recommended to use a simple jewelry polishing cloth that is impregnated with special jewelry cleaner. These are widely available and are very easy to use. Store your cloth in a plastic zip-lock bag, and keeping your jewelry drawer or armoire. It is a good idea to have one cleaning cloth for gold and one for silver.

2.) For a slightly more "in-depth" cleaning you may want to use a liquid jewelry cleaner.

3.) For cleaning badly tarnished silver, here's a neat little trick
a) Cover the inside bottom of a heatproof glass dish on bowl with a piece of aluminum foil, shiny side up.
b) Place the tarnished silver in the bottom of the dish, contacting the aluminum foil.
c) Add 1 heaping tablespoon of baking soda, and then slowly pour boiling water to cover the piece. The tarnish will gradually collect on the aluminum foil.
d) Remove your silver, rinse thoroughly, and polish.

1.) Are your silver chains all tied-up in knots? If so, here's a nifty little trick for straightening them out. Dust your chain with a little talcum powder and then try to unknot it. If the knot is stubborn, place a small drop of baby oil on a sheet of wax paper. Lay the knot in the oil and work it out with two pins; then clean the chain as instructed below.
2.) Always apply make-up, perfumes, oils or colognes before you put on your jewelry.

Diamond earrings, emerald rings, ruby bracelets, sapphire pendants; no doubt about it everybody loves beautiful gem stone jewelry. Gemstones are quite literally hard as rock, buy they can be damaged from careless handling and negligence. Here are some tips for keeping your gems and jewelry looking fabulous for years to come.

1. Remember, even the hardest gemstone variety can be vulnerable to breakage if it has inclusions that weaken the crystal structure. Exercise common sense: if you have a ring set with a softer gem variety or an included stone, take it off before strenuous exercise. Even the hardest gem of them all, diamond, can shatter in two with a single well-placed blow. Never remove rings by pulling on the stone: that habit may result in a loose, then lost, gem.

2. Most importantly, store each piece of gemstone jewelry separately so that harder stones don't scratch softer ones. Almost every gemstone is much harder than the metal it is set in. Gems can scratch the finish on your gold, silver or platinum if you throw your jewelry in a heap in a drawer or jewelry box.

3. Rings in particular tend to collect dust and soap behind the gem, particularly if you wear them all the time. You need to clean them regularly to let the light in so your gems can shine. To clean transparent crystalline gemstones, simply soak them in water with a touch of gentle dish soap. Use a bowl of water rather than the sink to eliminate the risk of anything going down the drain. If necessary, use a soft toothbrush to scrub behind the stone. Rinse the soap off and pat dry with a lint-free cloth (you want to make sure threads won't catch on the prongs) For diamond, ruby or sapphire, a touch of ammonia in the rinse water won't hurt a bit and can add extra sparkle (for platinum and gold only, not silver!). Think twice before putting gems in an ultrasonic cleaner. Diamonds and rubies and sapphires will be fine but many other gems many not be, in particular emerald, opal, pearls, peridot: when in doubt, leave it out.

4. Organic gems like pearls, coral, and amber should only be wiped clean with moist cloth. Due to their organic nature, these gems are both soft and porous. Be careful about chemicals in hairspray, cosmetics, or perfume: they can, over time, damage pearls in particular. Opals also require special care. Never use an ultrasonic, never use ammonia, and avoid heat and strong light.

5. Opaque gemstones like lapis lazuli, turquoise, malachite, require special care because they are rocks, not crystals of a single mineral like transparent gems. There gem materials should just be wiped clean gently with a moist cloth. These gemstones can be porous and may absorb chemicals, even soap, and they may build up inside the stone and discolor it. Never use and ultrasonic cleaner and never use ammonia or any chemical solution.

A little care and common sense can add life, luster and longevity to your precious jewelry and gems. Protect your investment by following the above guidelines.

There are many reasons that we wear sunglasses. They keep the sun out of our eyes, a fashion statement or even medical reasons. But keep in mind; you get what you pay for.

If you are just trying to keep the sun out, the color of any lens plays a critical role in the management of light. Different lens shades and densities make it possible to enhance or preserve the perception of colors, contrast and visual acuity and can aid in glare reduction & elimination of UV rays.
Sunglasses have come along way. In the past, glasses came in two shapes, large rectangle and slightly smaller large rectangle. Now day's sunglasses come in a bevy of shapes and colors. Some are functional, while others are just way out there.

No matter what your style is, look for quality not just price. Check the UV rating, is there a back coating so the sun from behind doesn't blind you. Find something that's light weight so it doesn't grow uncomfortable all day on your face.

If you're blind as bat like me, invest in prescription sunglasses. They can do any style in prescription now. If you are buying just sunglasses you pay full price. If you look into prescription lenses you will find vision care benefits can be used with over 12,000 optical providers nationwide. You can save you up to 60% on all prescription eyewear and contact lenses.

Let me make a very important observation I have made over the years regarding sunglasses. As the older we get, the bigger the lens. Have you ever passed a slow moving land tanker just to see one of our founding fathers barley seeing over the wheel with one of those giant over the lens welding glasses. Come on, were just aging, not slipping into fashion comas. Take some one under the age 100 and ask them what they think. Don't make your own decisions. What do you know? How many hours a day are you looking at your own face?

 A leather handbag is the ideal type of handbagfor the woman on the go who doesn't like to change handbags often. Leather is a very strong and durable material able to withstand regular wear and tear and still look good. What makes leather handbags so popular though is their unique natural beauty. With genuine leather animal hides you can create some very unusual and stylish handbags.

Handbags made with leather each have their own individual characteristics, as no two pieces of leather are alike. There are many different kinds of leather purses as well. Some designers prefer to use lambskin leather for its very soft, and supple feel and excellent look, whereas others may choose to work with cowhide or pigskin leather which possess tougher, more durable properties. As awful as pigskin may sound, it actually makes for a very soft and nice looking leather.

When shopping for a leather bag you don't necessarily think about what kind of leather it is, just as long as it's leather. Whatever type of leather the handbag is made with, you know you are getting quality material. For this very reason, leather purses usually cost more than any other material, but just remember that it's also going to last longer than any other handbag.

Leather purses can range in price from very reasonable to very expensive. It all depends on the handbag designer and the quality of the leather. Remember though, that when you purchase a leather bag it's going to last you a long time. So the extra expense is well worth it!

"Whatever reason or purpose you have for going in the water there is swimwear that you can feel good in and that will suit your needs, including mastectomy swimwear. Regardless of your size, your age or your activity there will be a swimsuit that provides the comfort and coverage you need." Today there is an excellent variety and wide range of options in specialty swimwear designs. Designs include mastectomy swimwear, maternity swimwear, water aerobic accessories, thermal and sun protective swimwear, wetsuits, sports swimwear, plus sized swimwear, high fashion swimwear and of course the large variety of women's and men's swimwear.











Mastectomy swimwear

  is special swimwear needed for women who have had a breast removed. The swimwear includes a special pocket sewn in to hold the breast prosthesis in place during even the most vigorous of activities. The swimsuits come in a wide variety of designs to include either low or high necklines, wide or thin straps and skirted or saronged styles so your options certainly aren't limited. A major concern among some women is that the breast forms may be affected by exposure to chlorine from swimming or heats from sunbathing, manufacturers agree this isn't true. Another concern is that the weight of the prosthesis may be too heavy for a swimsuit. The bathing suits manufactured today are specifically made with the strongest stitching and proper fabrics to ensure not only comfort but also piece of mind.




Maternity swimwear

designed today has never been more practical or fashionable. Maternity swimsuits come in both two- piece and one-piece suits. The swimsuits are made with extra lining in the places that need it; most designs have built in soft-cup bras. Tankini designs come in slightly larger belly covering lengths and swimdress suits are available for more coverage. The selections of cover -ups come in both skirt and hooded designs, the skirts are often double lined with elastic waistbands. There are so many great manufacturers offering an endless array of designs and various soft stretchy fabrics that you're ensured a comfy fit during any stage of pregnancy. There are also wonderful nursing bathing suits on the market, which offer proper post pregnancy belly cover-up with built in bras for use when nursing baby.




Water aerobics

is a great all around form of aerobic exercise and an excellent form of cardio fitness. Water aerobics are safe for all ages, as the water causes your body to be buoyant, thus causing less strain and stress on your joints and muscles. Some of the special aerobic water accessories are wrist and ankle weights, active belts, aqua mats, exercise balls, aqua steps, water shoes and barbells. Many of the accessories are covered in neoprene fabric offering comfort to the wearer and chlorine resistance. The active belt is used to promote correct posture while supporting the lower back and toning abdominal muscles. The wrist and ankle weights are used for resistance to get the maximum workout, the cuffs come in various weights for different levels of fitness. It's a good idea to purchase one of the many sports swimsuits available when doing water aerobics so you're ensured a swimsuit that will stand up to your exercise routine.



Thermal wear and sun protective swimwear

are two popular ways to provide your children with either warmth or protection from the sun's harmful UV rays. Thermal wear suits are made from a specially treated, heat reflective neoprene material. The thermal swimsuits allow children to maintain their warmth safely while still allowing for the freedom of movement necessary. The sun protective swimwear manufactured today usually has an SPF of 50 (the highest rating for fabric) and most brands offer approximately a 98% sun block. The suits are made of a nylon-lycra mix, which is lightweight and fast drying. The sunsuits come in a variety of designs to include; baby, children and adult designs; sun hats and sunsuits combined with buoyancy aids. What an excellent way to protect both you're children and yourself from the sun.






Water Sports swimwear

is quite different than the standard swimsuits available for swimming and sunbathing. Water sports such as wakeboarding, wind surfing, surfing, water skiing, diving and jet skiing often require swimwear that offers both warmth and protection from extended time in cold waters. Most wetsuits are made from a specially treated heat reflective neoprene material, which helps people maintain their warmth while providing flexibility and comfort. Wetsuits are available in a wide variety of designs such as; one piece body suits with either long or short sleeves; rash and UV guards (similar to a long or short sleeved t-shirt) with hoods; gloves and boots; wetsuits with hoods. The innovative wetsuits are amazingly flexible and durable providing years of water fun.

Popular manufacturers of sportswear make excellent quality sports swimwear. These swimsuits like the standard swimsuits come in a wide variety of designs, but are specifically made to endure endless hours of activity in the pool, the suits must provide proper fit and comfort in a long lasting design often used by lifeguards and competitors. As much as the look of the swimsuit is important it is secondary to the fit and durability. Sports swimwear can include; competition swimwear, accessories, training suits, lifeguard suits and practice suits. The swimwear is also includes options such as swim caps, warm-ups, parkas and towels.


Proper fit of your swimsuit is essential whether you're petite, tall or plus sized. You want to be sure that your swimsuit is neither too small nor too large ensuring the swimsuit provides comfort, flexibility and durability.



Plus sized swimsuits

come in an excellent variety of designs to include one and two pieces suits from tankini suits to skirted suits. Regardless of your size there is a suit that will fit you properly, with swimsuits made in special bra cup sizes while offering extra lining to provide full coverage.









Designer Swimwear

is a popular line for many high fashion designers. There is no shortage on the extraordinary styles and options out there. If you are in the market for a swimsuit with that "extra something" you can find swimsuits with lovely hand sewn water drops, crystals and beads. There are swimsuits that with special technology allow you to tan through the suit, there are bust enhancing suits and tummy control suits; there really is no limit to what you can find.





With all the specialty suits mentioned we can't forget the variety of regular women and men's suits available. There are styles, colors and fabric designs to fit anyone's tastes. Swimsuits in one and two- piece varieties for women and the classic swim trunks, shorts and racers for men.

Whatever reason or purpose you have for going in the water there is swimwear that will suit your needs. Regardless of your size, your age or your activity there will be a swimsuit that provides the comfort and coverage you need. If you are planning to be out in the sun always remember to apply proper sunscreen, SPF 30 is a good idea, you also don't want to forget your sun hats, sunglasses and beach towels.

Guess is a widely recognized brand name that most people associate with clothing. But Guess handbags have made their way to the forefront with the creation of many stylish and unique designs. The Guess handbag is now a must have amongst the fashion elite due to the many desirable colors, styles, and designs of handbags. Guess is a popular designer name that both women and teens love to wear, so you will notice women of all ages carrying Guess designer handbags.

Guess offers very unique and stylish handbags that catch the attention of all women. The Guess barrel handbag is a popular style that offers a clean polished look. Materials such as croc print, jacquard, and vinyl with the Guess "G" logo are common amongst the Guess barrel handbags.

The Guess satchel handbag is another favorite that comes in a variety of materials and styles, and also sports the "G" logo. The Guess satchel goes with almost anything and looks very stylish. Something important to consider when buying a handbag is how much space you have inside. The Guess satchel handbag seems to be quite roomy allowing for all the personal items you like to carry with you.

These are just a few of the handbag styles offered by Guess. Check out the internet for a wide variety of handbag styles and designs by Guess and you are sure to find one that you like.
 

If you have a little girl, you will absolutely love clothing by Lipstik. This trendy designer clothing line is geared towards the feminine styles that little girls love. If your child wants to feel like a princess every day, then you must browse through our collection of girls' apparel by Lipstik. This label also includes the English Roses Collection, which was developed in collaboration with Madonna, based on her book, The English Roses.

We sell dresses with ruffles, capris with lace, tee shirts with beading, and a host of other adorable ensembles. If your little girl loves anything pink, then she will delight in the Lipstik line, as many of these pieces come in vibrant shades of pink. Dresses come tiered, with layers upon layers of soft ruffles. Does your little girl feel more comfortable in pants than in skirts and dresses? Well, we sell a host of funky pant-sets that come in adorable styles that cater to a girl's sense of fun and fantasy.

At www.HugsnKissesboutique.com, we believe that consumers should have access to the best children's clothing labels, without having to travel far and wide. Our online site is a work in progress, and we strive to constantly update our selections according to the latest fashions. Lipstik is one of our most popular labels, and for good reason. The clothing is well made and durable, and the designs are whimsical and fresh. You don't have to worry about beads falling off or ribbons coming loose, as great attention is paid to detail and craftsmanship

1. Treat your business clothing as an investment and choose wisely. Make sure you buy classic styles that suit your body shape, are comfortable, have quality workmanship and quality material. This is no time to try the latest fads. Take your time and shop around for the best price and the best service. Be aware of the return policy and if possible purchase your wardrobe items at a store that can do professional alternations if necessary.

2. For business situations match your handbag, shoes and belt. Black shoes should be matched with a black handbag. This is not a time to get creative with your accessories or to wear colored shoes.

3. Do not neglect your outerwear. Purchase a good quality coat that can be worn with either pants or a skirt. For cooler weather don't neglect your outdoor footwear. For skirts choose long knee-high boots.

4. Keep shoes and boots in a good state of repair. Scuffed shoes with worn heels will ruin the look of your outfit.

5. To complete your look choose soft leather gloves that will add a nice touch as well as keep your hands from getting chapped.

6. Choose clothing material that reflects the season. Heavy fabrics and tweeds are best for Fall and Winter and will look out of place during Summer, as light linen fabrics will look out of place during Winter.

7. Always wear a belt where there are belt loops. Choose a good quality leather belt and don't be tempted to wear a flashy or plastic belt. If you don't like belts choose pants without loops.
 

Messenger bags are not only an ideal way to transport your items from point A to point B, but they have become somewhat of a fashion statement as well. It used to be that only bicycle messengers would carry these bags, but now everyone from students to business people can be seen carrying their own stylish messenger bag.

Comfort and convenience are of utmost importance and are tastefully combined in these messenger's bags. Men and women from all walks of life can look smart and sophisticated as they go about their daily business with their messenger carrying bag. Manufacturers are starting to create bag styles that appeal to an even broader range of lifestyles. This means there are messenger bags out there to suit everyone's tastes.

The fact that these messenger's bags are made with waterproof vinyl fabric sewn together with heavy duty stitching and protective padding gives you comfort in knowing your precious cargo will be protected from bumps and drops. There is plenty of space in a messenger carrying bag for all of your necessities such as laptops, business files, and other items. With all of the functionality of a briefcase, a messenger bag is more convenient for commuters who travel by foot or bicycle.
If you are looking to purchase a messengers bag, check out the internet for a great selection of brands and prices. Make your commute to work much easier by getting yourself one of these messengers bags, you'll be glad you did!
 

Frequently Asked Questions About Permanent Cosmetics
Q) What is the recovery time for permanent makeup?
A2) Everyone is different, but a general rule would be 3-7 days on the surface, and another 10-14 days below the surface. It is common for a person to return to work the same day. Lips will have some residual swelling and will chap. There may be slight swelling after the eyeliner; brows may look darker than usual - all of which softens in a few days.

Q) Can I still wear traditional makeup over the tattooed area?
A) Yes, after the area has healed. Permanent makeup is designed to be only an enhancement to your natural features. Wearing additional cosmetics is a personal choice that enhances your permanent makeup.

Q) What if I decide to have cosmetic surgery?
A6) Plastic surgery has no affect on properly placed permanent makeup. However, if you're contemplating plastic surgery, you may opt for the surgery before the permanent makeup.\

Q) What reaction is common regarding permanent makeup?
A) Women are usually amazed at how awesome, natural and subtle permanent makeup is. They wish they had done it a decade ago. No more smudged makeup, daily hassle, etc. Life has become simpler!

Q) Who would benefit?
A) Active women and men ... those needing feature correction; people with allergies to make-up ... athletes ... the vision impaired ... alopecia sufferers ... those looking for a natural look - or those looking for something more dramatic.

Q) How is it done?
A) A sterilized, disposable needle is used to implant hundreds of tiny dots of colored pigment beneath the basal (top) layer of the skin enhancing natural features.

Q) Does it hurt?
A) The topical numbing anesthetic creams used today are much stronger than in years past. If you follow the simple rules beforehand of: no alcohol, aspirin, blood-thinning medications, Vitamin E, garlic or herbal supplements 3, preferably 5 days prior to your appt. will greatly reduce any discomfort associated with the procedure. Also, have no caffeine the day of the procedure. Following these guidelines greatly increases your comfort level during your permanent makeup procedure.

Q) How long will it take?
A) Most of the procedures require approximately 2-3 hours. The most important part of all the procedures is the artwork and choosing colors, both of which require approval by the client.

Q) How soon will the results be visible?
A) Within seven days you will notice a visible difference. We require all of our clients to come in for verification 30 days after creation at which time any adjustments will be made (if necessary).

Q) How long will it last?
A) Normally one to five years maybe longer. Re-enhancements otherwise known as "touchups' or "refresher color boosts" are recommended for maintenance. You must remember that permanent makeup is a "low", not a "no" maintenance procedure. You eventually will need a color touchup when your color fades. Once the color lightens you will know that you are ready for your refresher color boost! You cannot avoid this fact - everything fades with time, especially anything out in the sun.

Q) What about allergies?
A) Those with allergies are particularly good candidates to permanent makeup. If you are prone to allergies, you may ask the technician about an allergy test. The allergy test will be done using a red pigment. The red pigment is usually the one that will cause the most noticeable allergic reaction if there will be a reaction at all. Reactions are rare.

Q) What does it cost?
A) Fees vary according to the creation required and will be determined at a free consultation. But remember, you get what you pay for. You can expect to pay anywhere from $300-$600 per procedure, depending on your technician and your location. The smart thing to do is to for sure not to choose the cheapest artist, but you need not choose the most expensive artist either.

Q) What if the shape isn't what I want?
A) The eyebrows are drawn on with semi-permanent marker prior to the start of any procedure, so you will see exactly what is going to be done before anything permanent is applied.

Q) What about removal of pigment?
A) We call removal "pigment lifting" which is available and works very well if the technician is trained in the process. Typically only small areas should be attempted to be lifted with either a salt/saline mixture or a similar "lifting" product, used for this purpose only- trying to removal larger areas of permanent makeup pigments will require more extensive treatment, such as a laser. Under these circumstances, contact a dermatologist.
 

Nobody likes pain, but who said it has to hurt? This is the 21st Century. Might scientists have created something that numbs so well that pain is not felt? The answer is a profound "YES". There are many topical anesthetics available for the technician to numb the area prior to permanent makeup. The topical cream is applied before the permanent makeup procedure; the timer is set for 15-20 minutes and bingo - numb! Topical anesthetics usually contain any combination of the following: Lidocaine, Tetracaine, Benzocaine or Epinephrine, in an emollient base. Since the effects of pain can include swelling, bleeding and delayed healing, it's important to both technician and client to alleviate pain. The safest topicals have a pH balance close to human tears which is 7.5. These products numb so well, that the procedure is very tolerable and that's why so many people are having this done!

As time goes by, many women begin to lose their eyebrows. Or, if they tweezed or shaved them in the '80's often-times they didn't grow back. With permanent makeup, beautiful brows can be yours without the fuss of pencils that wear off or smear. The "After" photo shown on Nancy's website, noted in the bottom paragraph of this article, shows how color can be placed behind the brow hairs giving a more sophisticated, polished, finished look.

I'm Concerned About the Word "Permanent
? What if I don't like the color? Oh No!
? What if the technician makes a mistake? Oops!
? What if I just don't like it? Ugh!
Hold your horses - Let me alleviate your fears! Permanent makeup needs to be applied 2 or 3 times (4 weeks apart) to be truly permanent. It's true. The first time you have permanent makeup applied, it will be a little darker than you imagined, but much of it will flake off by the time it has healed (2-4 wks). This means that you need to come back to have additional color applied.
Think of it as painting a house or car. They require several coats of paint, right? Permanent makeup acts the same way. Typically, it needs to be layered on to achieve the desired outcome. Upon completion of a procedure, the color will be brighter and darker than the final outcome. During the 7-14 days of healing, small amounts of pigment will flake off during healing - think of it as the body doing its job by expelling the pigment during the healing period. This means if the color is not right, the technician can modify it on the touchup visits. If the technician places pigment in a place it shouldn't be, it probably will flake off during the healing period or can be adjusted or removed at the next appt.

Only a very small percentage of people end up not liking it. Why? Because they had unrealistic expectations of the procedure to begin with. They likely didn't do their research to know what to expect. Alleviate your concerns: Talk to your technician and ask questions!

Since time began, humans have been decorating their bodies with color . Permanent makeup is not new nor is it a trend destined to go out of style next season. It's here to stay because it's so timeless. It's popular because it is ingenuity at its best! If you're applying makeup everyday anyway, why not save yourself some time and money and just have it done permanently? We all know makeup applied sparingly makes a woman more attractive if not downright beautiful. What you may not realize is that many woman have already had their makeup applied permanently.

Perfect brows, lips & eyeliner can be yours with Permanent makeup - done so subtly, naturally, and beautifully only YOU know you have it. Think of the time savings! Do you reach for that lipstick after a meal because of embarrassing chalky, pasty, white lips? Imagine now your lips are permanently colored - a natural baby pink color (or your choice) that you've wanted for aeons. If your brows are sparse, or your lips uneven, you are probably a candidate for permanent makeup. Since it is applied so subtly, you don't have to worry that it will be too dark, or unnatural. In summary, permanent makeup is what woman are having done these days - and they're very happy they finally did it! What are you waiting for?
 

Do you see white in your future? No, I'm not referring to a wedding but rather your summer wardrobe. Nothing spells summer like white. While the temperature rises you can stay cool and look fantastic in white. White will add impact to your summer wardrobe and will keep you looking fresh and inviting. To get the most from wearing white I have a few suggestions.

1. White reflects light so wherever you wear it you will bring attention. Having said that, if you have any body parts you don't want to appear larger don't accentuate that area by adorning it in white and wearing a dark color next to it. What you can do is wear white from head- to- toe so no particular area has focus. For example, if you have large hips don't wear white bottoms with a dark top because the eye will be drawn to the bottom. Instead, wear a white top and white pants and use accessories to take the focus away from the problem area. Or wear white on top and black on the bottom.

2. Wear black and white combinations with accessories to create impact. Wear a white skirt with a black top, black shoes, white handbag, and a black/white necklace. Handbags and scarves that have a black and white pattern will also bring some pizzazz. Experiment.

3. To change your look, wear white with bright colors such as pink and green. Again, choose accessories that will add interest. A pink or green bag, pink jewelry, pink shoes etc. You can also try 3 color combinations such as pink/black/white green/black/white or red/black/white.

4. Wear white only until the end of the summer season and don't wear white to a wedding unless you are the bride.

5. Wear white T-shirts with jeans and choose a finer fabric to wear with suits for a more professional look. When you wear whites pay attention to your undergarments - avoid lacy bras - choose to wear nudes, they will not show under white.

---

  With so many designers and trends targeting the svelte body of the twenty-something, is it possible to look fashionable as the years pass and your body begins to tell the tale?

Absolutely!
In fact, with a little ingenuity and sleigh-of-hand, it's easy to be fashionable and stylish regardless of how many candles are on your birthday cake.

Now let's be frank: unless you work out religiously, you probably don't have the same body at 40, 50, or 60 that you did at 25. Time, gravity, and pregnancy all take their toll on the female body, as does menopause. And when you mix a mature body with fashions obviously made for a younger person, it can lead to self-doubt, frustration, and confusion.

But it doesn't have to be that way. Getting older also means getting wiser, and like a fine bottle of wine, you're improving with age. So you don't have the same body as those twenty-somethings you see in magazines or on TV. So what? Would you REALLY trade everything you've learned since your twenties for the body you had back then? Probably no sooner than you'd like to re-live puberty, thank you very much.

So how can you be fashionable without wearing all those body-conscious clothes so en vogue these days? By remembering the "3 C's" when you dress: clean, classic, and coverage.

Clean lines create a clean silhouette which makes the body appear more youthful by skimming the trouble spots instead of calling attention to them. Complicated cuts, seams, and details usually call for a killer body to pull off, so if you haven't got it, steer clear of those styles.

Classic styles are called classic because they remain in style year after year. Why? Because they look good on so many bodies! Sheathes, A-line skirts, flat front pants - all tend to flatter a variety of shapes. What's more, because they remain in style year after year, classics are easier on the budget than trends.

Covering appropriately is the key to aging gracefully. If your upper arms, thighs, and décolletage have all seen better days, it's time to cover them up a bit instead of sharing the wear-and-tear with the world. Now I'm not talking about draping yourself in a tent for the rest of your life. Far from it. I'm talking about wearing short sleeves instead of going sleeveless, Capris instead of shorts, and modest necklines instead of plunging necklines.

Now I know that covering up the parts that used to turn heads and draw envy can be tough to take for some women. Which is precisely why beautiful jewelry and fine fabrics are the revenge tools of choice for many well-dressed mature women.

So your bustline isn't as perky as your twenty-something daughter or granddaughter. So what? Add a beautiful necklace and draw envious glances from women of all ages. Don't have the same backside you did as a teen? Encase it in a fine fabric and see how many men go out of the way to hold the door open for you. People will look where you focus their attention, so use that knowledge to redirect their interest to the parts you want them to see.

Or, as actress Cybil Shepard once said, "I like to flaunt what I have left."
Don't flip through fashion magazines and bemoan the fact that you don't look like the models. Instead, look at the various fashion elements to determine what will and won't work for you. Are printed scarves all the rage this year? Grab a few and be trendy. Are mini skirts the style of choice? Pass and bank your money.
See how easy this is?

"A woman has the age she deserves," Coco Chanel once said. You don't have to go under cover and dress "like a little old lady" just because that's what your mother or grandmother did. You're your own person.
If you remember to dress in clean lines and classic styles and cover appropriately, you can still be fashionable - AND draw long, lingering glances from handsome men -- whatever your age. And if THAT doesn't make you feel like a blushing girl again, then honey, nothing I can say will!

 What we know as satellite tv actually had its origins in the space race which began with the launching of the satellite Sputnik by the Russians in 1957. The first communication satellite was developed and launched by a consortium of business and government entities in 1963. It was known as Syncom II and achieved an orbit at 22,300 miles over the Atlantic. The first satellite communication was between a U.S. Navy ship in the harbor of Lagos, Nigeria and the U.S. Army located at the naval station at Lakehurst, New Jersey on July 26, 1963.

Telephone companies began using satellite communication for communicating as land based distribution methods became overloaded. Television began using satellites on March 1, 1978 when the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) introduced Public Television Satellite Service. Broadcast networks adopted satellite communication as a distribution method from 1978 through 1984. As the use of satellites for communication and broadcast purposes increased, it became evident that everyone had the potential to receive satellite signals for free.

Direct to Home (DTH) satellite receivers were developed in the early 1980's. Rural areas thus gained the capacity to receive television programming that was not capable of being received by standard methods. With the development of television receive only (TVRO), broadcasters began to complain that reception of their signals were being either received illegally or pirated. The position of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was governed by its "open skies' policy. It was the FCC's position that users had as much right to receive satellite signals as broadcasters had the right to transmit them.

The broadcasters, in response to this government policy, began to use developed technologies which allowed them to scramble the signals they were broadcasting. Users, in turn, had to buy a decoder from a satellite program provider that packaged programs similar to the packages provided by cable systems. Ideas began to abound about the potential market for satellite television. The FCC, following the World Administrative Radio Conference of 1979, in 1980 established the plans and policy for a new service, direct broadcast satellite or DBS. This new service was to consist of a broadcast satellite in geostationary orbit, facilities for transmitting signals to the satellite and equipment needed by individuals to access the signals.

Early successful attempts to launch satellites for the mass consumer market were led by Japan and Hong Kong in 1986 and 1990, respectively. The first successful attempt by the United States was made by a group of major cable companies and was named Primestar. Next came Direct TV. Echostar Dish Network entered the market in the Spring of 1996 offering cheaper prices and forcing all of its competitors to do likewise.
See Also

 During the speach, Dr. Reg McDaniel talked about first seeing new stem cells in the peripheral blood of clients using glyconutrients many years ago and not recognizing these cells as stem cells. They were 10 times the size of white blood cells and they were given the name "Gee" cells for some time as that's what Dr. Reg said when he observed these new cells that no one could identify! Now we have the tools to identify these cells appropriately as stem cells which can be used as "master keys" to move to places in the body as the body calls for. About a year ago there was an article in JAMA regarding the stem cells implants of male cells into female bodies of women with leukemia who had received a stem cell transplant. When these women died, male marked cells were found as neurons in the brain.

Dr. Reg realized that this might offer an explanation in the many children with fetal alcohol syndrome that were doing so well with the glyconutrients and others who had advanced so far beyond their perceived genetic limitations. He told the story of several adopted aboriginal children in Canada who had fetal alcohol syndrome who have done remarkably well, improving from IQ's estimated to be around 50 to levels around 100. One girl who had difficulties with reading and numbers and was in remedial classes after 3 years with glyconutrients was able to read a Harry Potter book in a week and discuss what she had read.

When they measure the before and after stem cell counts in the blood, virtually none are detectable prior to glyconutrieints. Within a week of giving glyconutrients, there are 200-400 stem cells seen in a microliter of blood with about 5-10 thousand white blood cells. If one extrapolates to the whole body, it is possible that there are 1.7-3 trillion new stem cells throughout our body as we add in glyconutrients. We're at the beginning of understanding all of what is possible with stem cells. There is an article in the June Scientific American if you want to read more about stem cells.

A New STEM CELL SURVEY CD for the Health Care Professional will be available next week that contains evidence that glyconutrients increase Stem Cell activity in the human body (This is a presentation CD not an audio CD). This NEW Stem Cell CD by H. Reg McDaniel, M.D. documents how glyconutrients integrated into traditional therapy may benefit every disease that Stem Cells benefit and THAT IS EVERY DISEASE.

Note: Glyconutrients are not intended to heal, treat, or cure any disease
See Also

Many times, when we plan a vacation, we know where we want to go. But, perhaps you don't have a specific place in mind and are looking for some vacation destinations to choose from. The first order of business is to decide your budget. Yes, you'll have to number crunch and find out how much you want to spend. From there, finding vacation destinations is simple.

Perhaps you are looking for information on some of the big name vacation destinations such as Disney World, Las Vegas, or the Bahamas? Finding information on these vacation destinations is simple as it is everywhere you look. Or, perhaps you want a specific kind of vacation like a tropical island, a beach, or a ski resort? There are exotic vacation destinations and family oriented vacation destinations. The sky is the limit.

To find information regarding different vacation destinations, it is no longer necessary to visit the travel agent or even the library. There is a wealth of information right on the internet that you can get right from your home. It's as simple as doing a web search for one of the many vacation planning websites. One great example is www.e-travelpromos.com where you can find many choices in vacation destinations.

Now, back to the budget we go. While we can look at all kinds of vacation destinations and set our dreams high, remember to realize that all vacation destinations will cost you something. Remember to consider hotel accommodations, airfare or transportation to the location, car rentals, meals, drinks, taxes, tips, and spending money. You may choose to visit a vacation destination where there are a lot of sites to see. Realize that most likely you will need to pay a per person fee to see attractions or to rent equipment. There are many items to include in your budget. Once you have done this you can consider which vacation destination will be right for you.

See Also

If your vacation time is coming up and you are planning on making a trip, then you will need to make some plans. Perhaps you are going to visit family? Or, maybe you plan to take your family to see an attraction somewhere? Maybe you are going to visit another country? Regardless of where you plan to go, you can find great deals on getting there, staying there, and even enjoying your time at the location.

Often times we want to take our children to see the things we saw when we were younger. It would be nice to see some new destinations as well. Either way, we want to do a lot but don't always have the funds. So, we are always in search for a deal. There are many out there to be had. Here are some quick ideas.

Saving on airfare is all about shopping around. Compare the different offers each company has. Can you fly in mid week and avoid weekend charges and busy times? Flying at night or at odd times can also increase your changes of getting a deal.

Once you get to your destination, you'll need a place to stay and a car to drive. The best way to get deals on these is to plan ahead. Making reservations ahead of time can be the best way to lower your cost. Cutting out extra charges on things you don't need, or won't use, also helps. No need for that car to come with a DVD player if you only plan to drive short distances. Along the same lines, you probably won't have time to watch all those movies on cable either. Eliminating these extras can lead to extra cash in your pocket.

Saving money on travel doesn't need to stop there. You can save money on travel in just about every aspect by planning and research. Take the time to compare different companies, then choose the best option for you. Also, take a box of cereal and pick up a gallon of milk instead of spending a ton on breakfast. Grab a local newspaper to see if there are deals in there for area restaurants. The local family diner may have some great food at reasonable prices but is overlooked because of all those glaring signs in tourist's face.

Being able to find a deal on travel is a great advantage. Saving some extra cash can truly make your vacation more worthwhile. Since so many people just don't get enough vacation time, getting the most out of what they do get is key. So, take some time and find the best travel deals out there for yourself!
See Also

Foundation is the cosmetic product that women pay the most attention to. It can make the difference between having a natural, flawless finish or looking as if you are wearing a mask.

The foundation market today is saturated with many types and brands of foundations. At the cosmetics counter you are confronted with an array of choices - liquid, cream, oil- free, powder, allergy tested, cake, stick, stay-on, hypoallergenic, cream to powder, non-comedogenic and camouflage foundations. It is indeed quite a mind-blowing experience, especially if you are a first time buyer.

To make it easier for you to determine the type that’s best for you, we
have placed foundations into four major categories:

LIQUID FOUNDATIONS
 
Liquid foundations usually offer sheer coverage and provide a natural look. Most women prefer a liquid foundation because it is easy to apply and fits like a ‘second skin’. They are available in water-based and oilbased formulas. 
Sacha’s “Stay-On Color” Liquid Foundation is oil-free and semi-matte. It provides sheer coverage. It is yellow-based and will perfectly match your skin tone. It is suitable for normal, oily or combination skin types.





CREAM FOUNDATIONS
 

 
Cream foundations are traditionally the number one choice of makeup artists. They are usually available in compacts or sticks, and provide very good coverage. Foundations of this consistency provide a creamy flawless finish and are easy to apply.

Sacha’s Cream Foundation will perfectly match your skin tone with a flawless, natural-looking finish. It is ideally suited to women with normal, dry or combination skin.

This is the type of foundation most frequently used by our Sacha Makeup
artists at international beauty pageants.


DUAL ACTIV POWDER FOUNDATION:

In today’s fast paced world, the modern woman is always in search of a “quick fix”. To her, time is precious, yet she needs to look great in seconds. Many brands offer their solution to this - cream to powder, dual activ, three-in-one - basically a multi-functional product.

Sacha’s Dual Activ Foundation, as the name implies, is a foundation and powder in one. It provides the easy application of a powder with the excellent coverage of a foundation. The outstanding feature of this foundation is that it begins as a powder and ends as a powder. It is exquisitely yellow-based and ideal for normal to oily skin.

“Dress shabbily, they notice the dress. Dress impeccably,
they notice you”. Coco Chanel

When you walk into a room people must notice you and not your makeup. If they notice your makeup, your makeup is “shabby”. If however they notice you, your makeup is impeccable. This is the Sacha philosophy. Makeup should be used to draw attention to your best features and away from your less flattering ones.

When doing a painting, the artist first primes the canvas with a base color. This primer must have sufficient coverage to conceal the blemishes in the material and provide a smooth surface on which to work. It has to be a neutral color to bring out the colors the artist intends to use. This neutral primer used is white.


A makeup artist, as the name suggests is an artist. The “primer” used is foundation. When doing a makeover, you cannot of course use white, since it will result in a mask-like appearance. You must find a “primer” that matches your natural skin tone.
 

This “primer” must have good coverage and be neutral enough to allow your eye, cheek and lip makeup to highlight your natural beauty. The greatest challenge facing any makeup artist or makeup wearer is finding the right foundation!
 

The problem is, from the inception, foundations were not invented to perfectly match our natural skin tones. They were first developed for the movie industry by early cosmetics pioneers such as Max Factor.


These were the days when “white light” was used, causing actors and actresses to look “washed out”. To put color on their faces, cosmetic manufacturers developed foundations with a red base. This era of “pink” foundations dominated the cosmetic market during this period and still
forms the basis of many brands today. 

As the movie industry developed, natural light was introduced and there was no longer the need for “red” foundations. Manufacturers then began reducing the amount of red used in their formulations to better match various skin tones.

Foundations, for many years however, remained far too red. Later, manufacturers began adding more yellow to their foundations to alter the pink look. The “added yellow” however, gave foundations an unattractive orange look.


During this time, cosmetics manufacturers began recognizing that there was an emerging market for African American cosmetics. They took their existing “red” formulas, darkened them, and foundations for women of color were invented. They however failed to take into account that most darker women have yellow undertones and needed to wear foundations with a yellow base.
 

In his book “Making Faces”, renowned makeup artist, Kevyn Aucoin, states:
“Years ago, foundation was used specifically to alter the color of the skin, re: ‘rosy glow’. But the trend of the last few years has taken us from what intentionally changed the wearer’s natural coloring to products that match the tones perfectly”.

He later adds:
“ Still, if you choose to wear foundation, there are two important things to consider when selecting a product, the ‘look’ you want to achieve and that it matches your skin”. 

At Sacha, we believe that a foundation should provide sufficient coverage to suit the individual’s need and yet remain natural-looking. Your foundation should perfectly match your natural skin color so you do not end up with a “ring” around your face.


From our experience, most Caucasian, African and all Asian and Latin women have yellow-based skin. Yet, most foundations have red or orange tones.

When women with natural yellow undertones wear foundation with a pink or orange base, they often end up with an unnatural looking hue. Women with darker skin tones often turn ashy. Darker African women often look at least one shade darker than their natural skin color.

Because of this, until recently there had been only one “black” Miss Universe in the history of the Pageant. For over twenty years beautiful African delegates would walk out on stage, look ashy under the stage lights, and lose every chance of winning.


After developing our yellow-based foundations we felt that the best way to test them would be on African contestants in beauty pageants. We knew that if dark African delegates did not look ashy on stage then we had hit the jackpot.


And, so we did! The very first beauty contestant who wore our yellowbased foundations was adjudged 2nd Runner Up in the 1997 Miss Universe Pageant. The second one was crowned Miss Universe 1998, wearing our Perfect Copper foundation, and Miss Universe 1999 won the title wearing our Perfect Honey foundation. Our foundations matched their skin tones perfectly without a trace of ashiness.

After twenty years of not having a “black” Miss Universe, we had two in a row, both wearing the same brand of cosmetics - Sacha. 
If our foundations could work so beautifully on the most difficult skin tones, imagine how perfect they will be for you.

Telescopes are devices that are used to view the distant objects. They find its use in astronomy and physics. It enables you to view the distant objects by magnifying them. There are many types of telescopes and their prices vary according to the specifications. Many accessories are also available that can be used in conjunction with the telescopes. Small telescopes that are used as toys are also capable of viewing some objects around 50 meters away.

The principle in which the telescope works is very simple. There are two lenses that make up the task of viewing the objects that are at a distance. One of the lenses picks up the light from the object viewed and makes it available at a focus point. Another lens picks up the bright light from the focus point and spreads it out to your retina so that you can view. The lens that picks up the light from the object is called the objective lens or primary mirror. The lens that picks up the light from the focal point is called the eyepiece lens.

The capability of the telescope to collect the light from the object that is viewed and the capability to enlarge the image are the factors that affect the efficiency of the telescope. The capability to collect light from the object depends on the diameter of the lens or mirror, which is otherwise called the aperture. The larger the aperture the more the light it can collect. Enlarging of an image depends on the combination of the lenses that are used. The eyepiece in the telescope performs the magnification.
Some of the world's largest optical telescopes in operation

We say a telescope to be larger based on the aperture size. Based on this we can say that Keck and Keck II are the largest telescopes in operation with an aperture of 10 meters diameter. The Keck telescope is composed of 36 mirror segments. This is located at Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The next largest is Hobby-Eberly located at Mt. Fowlkes, Texas which has an aperture of 9.2 meters. You can get a list of the largest optical telescopes at http://astro.nineplanets.org/bigeyes.html.

The choice of the telescope largely depends on what you want to observe. You can choose compound telescopes and refractor type of telescope for viewing through the urban skies. For the rural skies, you can use compound telescopes and reflectors. They are better than the refractors type of telescopes. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. Hence, many people have different telescope for different purposes.

Students often ask; "What exactly is science?" Professors explain by discussing theories, proofs, laws of physics, observations, duplication of results, etc.. Professors often pull rank on students when they argue a point with the professor on extending the professors definition of science. When this occurs the professor indicates to the student; "You obviously do not know what science is" they quickly tell the student.

Having had this scenario play over and over again, it would appear that those professors want to keep science for themselves. If they cannot answer a question or do not know the answer they will simply say; "that is not science" or "that is pseudo science" thus alleviating them the responsibility of answering the question. This is interesting indeed.

I have often thought; "science does not know what science is!" Science is not condemning another who caries a different perspective, science is not character assonating another in a primate political way to put forth their ideas or concepts over another. Since is not attacking someone's concept because it does not match with what another was taught, science is not publish or perish over real breakthroughs. Science is not who publishes first or whose name is attached. Science is not engineering. Science is not denying a theory until you can prove it is not possible. Science is not rhetoric, that is politics.

Although in observing all the above discussion about what science is not and it appears that in the "real" world of science one observing these behaviors might perceive it to be just that. But such social interaction which actually occurs in science is not science at all, unless you call it "social science" but most scientists claim that is not a real science and if so why don't they practice what they preach and dump the rhetoric? What all these scientists and professor's are doing is not science, it is disgusting.

I think I enjoy the comments on this subject by Bill Bryson, Matt Ridley, Stephen Wolfram and recently Michael Crieghton in his book "Fear." In any case all you scientists out there need to dump the BS and get busy propelling the human race and forwarding the progression of the species, you are not fooling me and many are simply getting quite tired of games. Think on that why don't you?

The reason for the apparently absurd question in the title is the remarkable research conducted at the University of Sheffield by neurology professor the late Dr. John Lorber.

When Sheffield's campus doctor was treating one of the mathematics students for a minor ailment, he noticed that the student's head was a little larger than normal. The doctor referred the student to professor Lorber for further examination.

The student in question was academically bright, had a reported IQ of 126 and was expected to graduate. When he was examined by CAT-scan, however, Lorber discovered that he had virtually no brain at all.

Instead of two hemispheres filling the cranial cavity, some 4.5 centimetres deep, the student had less than 1 millimetre of cerebral tissue covering the top of his spinal column. The student was suffering from hydrocephalus, the condition in which the cerebrospinal fluid, instead of circulating around the brain and entering the bloodstream, becomes dammed up inside.

Normally, the condition is fatal in the first months of childhood. Even where an individual survives he or she is usually seriously handicapped. Somehow, though, the Sheffield student had lived a perfectly normal life and went on to gain an honours degree in mathematics.

Professor Lorber (who was a member of the committee sitting to decide who should be awarded the Nobel Prize) identified several hundred people who have very small cerebral hemispheres but who appear to be normal intelligent individuals. Some of them he describes as having 'no detectable brain', yet they have scored up to 120 on IQ tests.

No-one knows how people with 'no detectable brain' are able to function at all, let alone to graduate in mathematics, but there are a couple theories. One idea is that there is such a high level of redundancy of function in the normal brain that what little remains is able to learn to deputise for the missing hemispheres.

Another, similar, suggestion is the old idea that we only use a small percentage of our brains anyway - perhaps as little as 10 per cent. The trouble with these ideas is that more recent research seems to contradict them. The functions of the brain have been mapped comprehensively and although there is some redundancy there is also a high degree of specialisation - the motor area and the visual cortex being highly specific for instance. Similarly, the idea that we 'only use 10 per cent of our brain' is a misunderstanding dating from research in the 1930s in which the functions of large areas of the cortex could not be determined and were dubbed 'silent', when in fact they are linked with important functions like speech and abstract thinking.

The other interesting thing about Lorber's findings is that they remind us of the mystery of memory. At first it was thought that memory would have some physical substrate in the brain, like the memory chips in a PC. But extensive investigation of the brain has turned up the surprising fact that memory is not located in any one area or in a specific substrate. As one eminent neurologist put it, 'memory is everywhere in the brain and nowhere.' But if the brain is not a mechanism for classifying and storing experiences and analysing them to enable us to live our lives then what on earth is the brain for? And where is the seat of human intelligence? Where is the mind?

Lorber's discovery is far from isolated. In researching my book 'Alternative Science' I found literally scores of such cases of scientific discoveries that are well-attested with strong direct laboratory evidence, and yet are ignored by conventional science. Many more such examples are also given on the Alternative Science Website.

Tsunami is a Japanese term that describes a large seismically generated sea wave which is capable of considerable destruction in certain coastal areas, especially where underwater earthquakes occur.

In Japanese, "Tsunami" means "Harbor Wave" or "Wave In The Harbor" It is now internationally accepted as the term that defines a "Seismic Seawave."

In South America, the term "Maremoto" is frequently used to describe a Tsunami.
Tsunami is pronounced: (sue-NAM-ee)

Tsunami's have been incorrectly referred to as "tidal waves." A tidal wave is a non-technical term for a shallow water wave caused by the gravitational interactions between the Sun, Moon, and Earth (high water is the crest of a tidal wave and low water is the trough).

Tsunami's are formed by a displacement of water. This can come from the slippage of the boundaries between two tectonic plates, volcanic eruption, under-water earthquake, or even landslides.

Out in the open ocean, Tsunami's might only be 1 meter in height, but as it reaches the shore in shallow water, it can rise to heights of 15-30 meters or more. Think about how a normal wave comes into a shore: the water moves away from the shore and then comes crashing back. This movement "heightens" the destruction power of a Tsunami.

Tsunami's can also reach speeds ranging from 400 to 500+ miles per hour? about the same speed as a jet airliner.

The enormous energy that a Tsunami can possess allows it to travel across entire oceans. They often proceed as an ordinary gravity wave? having a 15 to 60 minute intervals.

From a destruction perspective, Tsunami's have cost not hundreds of thousands, but millions of human lives over the recorded history of Earth.
Sources: U.S. Geological Survey & Pacific Tsunami Warning Center

I have always been an advocate of recycling. Even though I am not always convinced of its financial viability, I am thoroughly convinced of its value as a means of increasing public awareness of the cost of our consumerism. In the 20+ years I have been in the organizing profession, I have never heard anyone complain that their problem in getting organized was that they didn't have enough "stuff."
It doesn't seem like getting rid of things should be such difficult issue, but in my own experience and in the lives of clients, it often is. I have spent countless hours listening to clients justify why they need to keep clothes they haven't worn in ten years, utensils they aren't sure how to use, appliances that need repair, artwork they don't even like -- and, of course, old magazines they're sure to read some day!

If you have enough room and if you're willing to pay the price in space and energy, it is possible to keep everything. But if you can't find what you need today because you're tripping over what you might need tomorrow, the price may be more than you should be willing to pay. Recycling is often a great solution.

It's amazing how many ways you can find to recycle the things you aren't using. Towels and bedding are desperately needed by homeless shelters. Pre-school programs can use calendars with pretty pictures. Local schools are often delighted to have used computer equipment. The Lions Club collects eyeglasses for people who cannot afford to purchase them. (How many pairs do you have in your dresser drawer?)

My mother had an enormous pile of overalls which my father no longer used, but she didn't know anyone who needed them. She just couldn't bring herself to toss them, so she put them in a box in the attic. One day she heard a woman on the radio say that she wanted to buy overalls because she used the bib tops to make jumpers which she sold to raise money for her favorite charity. She didn't even care if the overalls had holes in them, because she covered them up with decorations and trim. My mother was elated to find a home for the overalls -- and get a check for $10 besides! (One note of caution: Don't fall in a trap of looking for the perfect recipient -- organizations such as Goodwill Industries can use almost anything, and will give you a receipt for a tax deduction!)

Many articles have been written about the negative effects of carbon dioxide. Sick Building Syndrome, loss of concentration due to high levels of carbon dioxide, asphyxiation in breweries or wine cellars, all these things spring to mind when we hear the magic phrase carbon dioxide. Yet, perhaps today when Venus passes across the face of the Sun, we should remember that our original atmosphere consisted of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Free oxygen is something that is not really chemically possible. Yet we have it as a result of plant life busily photosynthesising and converting carbon dioxide into oxygen during daylight hours. This is the original use of solar energy!


Plants require carbon dioxide to grow and why not help them by increasing the level of carbon dioxide? Normally, this is something that is undesirable, since carbon dioxide is the original greenhouse gas, as our neighbouring planet Venus can testify. But in a controlled, genuine greenhouse environment, there is no real reason why the level of carbon dioxide should not be enhanced in some way.


Indeed, tests have shown that increasing the level of carbon dioxide in a greenhouse to 550 ppm will accelerate plant growth by 30 - 40 %. The natural level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is around 450 ppm, having increased from about 250 ppm in the last ice-age, so this slight increase may not appear significant at first sight. The point of the matter is that the level of carbon dioxide in the average greenhouse with the ventilation system closed will drop sharply due to uptake by the plants and will lie around 150 - 200 ppm if nothing is done about it. In summer the ventilation system will be open and the fresh air circulation will augment the level to a useful degree. But what about those long, cold, dark northern winters? Most commercial greenhouses will have lighting and heating systems to encourage plant growth, but you still cannot open the ventilation and allow the cold outside air into your heated greenhouse without losing all the early crops. The only real solution is to augment the natural level of carbon dioxide in some way. Where it is used, the general rule of thumb is to augment by about 1000 ppm when the sun is shining (or all the lights are on!) and keep the level around 400 ppm during times of darkness. This will require monitoring, since there are so many variable factors involved and a simple control unit using an infrared sensor will be able to keep the concentration of gas constant at all times.


Rate of consumption varies with crop, light intensity, temperature, stage of crop development and nutrient level. An average consumption level is estimated to be between 0.12 - 0.24 kg/hr/100 m2 of greenhouse floor area. The higher rate reflects the typical usage for sunny days and a fully-grown crop. This equates to roughly 150 litres of carbon dioxide per hour.


There are many processes that naturally and unavoidably produce carbon dioxide: Fermentation and combustion are two classic examples. In temperate zones it is necessary to heat a greenhouse (glasshouse is just another word for the same thing), and this heating will almost always involve the burning of fossil fuels, producing carbon dioxide. This leads to the natural urge to re-circulate the exhaust gas from the heating system into the greenhouse and so achieve a double advantage for the plants. This will require careful monitoring of the flue gas to ensure that there are at the most only traces of carbon monoxide being passed into the greenhouse. This is not only bad for the plants but also potentially lethal to the people working there! Such technology is available with gas monitors that will measure the carbon monoxide concentration continuously and have analogue outputs that can be used to regulate the burners or operate a trip to switch the unit off should problems occur. The combination of breweries with greenhouse systems is also serious business in some areas. Generally, these methods are to be approved and should really be worthy of government support. Not only are they producing crops, they are removing a pollutant that would otherwise be vented into the atmosphere.


Monitoring of the added carbon dioxide is essential, however, since high concnetrations of carbon dioxide can lead to dizziness or even unconciousness of the personnel. Some plants will require higher levels of nutrients to compensate for some of the changes that occur. Particularly tomatoes and violets are sensitive to increased levels of carbon dioxide, hence the need for constant monitoring of the ambient concentration.

Free radicals and oxyradicals play an important role in the development and progression of many brain disorders such as brain injury, neurodegenerative disease, schizophrenia and Down syndrome.
Glutathione is the brain's master antioxidant and plays an important protective role in the brain.
According to Dr. Jimmy Gutman, "The brain is particularly susceptible to free radical attack because it generates more oxidative by-products per gram of tissue than any other organ."
Many neurological and psychiatric disease processes are characterized by... abnormalities in glutathione metabolism and antioxidant defenses."

Generation of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and oxidative damage are an important cause of neuron (brain cell) death from brain injury.

Chemicals that cause toxicity to certain brain cells are known to decrease cerebral glutathione (GSH), making the cells more vulnerable to reactive oxygen species (ROS).
(1)
On the other hand, over-expression of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzyme potently decreases cell death from brain injury.
(2)
Brain Injury and Glutathione - The Gender Difference
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh have found that males and females respond differently to brain injury.
(3)
In animal models, levels of glutathione remain constant in females who have suffered a brain injury, but drop by as much as 80 percent in males with the same injury.
When glutathione levels drop, brain cells die much more quickly. This suggests that boys with brain injuries may require different life-saving treatments than girls.

N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, already approved for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat people who have overdosed on acetaminophen, may be an effective treatment for brain injury in boys whose brains are deprived of oxygen.
Brain Disorders and Glutathione - A Genetic Cause?

Genetics researchers have found that the glutathione S-transferase gene controls the onset of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease and determines, not if we get these diseases, but when. (4)
The glutathione S-transferase gene has previously been linked to the risk for Parkinson's disease among people who used pesticides.